Abstract

The sustenance of life on Earth depends on balanced ecosystems, with forests serving as critical habitats for biodiversity. While IoT-based solutions have enabled remote monitoring and automated conservation actions in single-tenant forest environments, the challenge of shared responsibility in transboundary forests—where multiple nations oversee management remains unaddressed. This paper proposes a novel holistic IoT framework that employs a bottom-up approach, integrating sensor networks, publish/subscribe data flows, and an action-driven dashboard to facilitate
multi-tenant coordination. Designed based on the operational requirements of Malaysia-Thailand’s Royal Belum State Park under the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) supervision, this solution ensures credibility and scalability, offering a feasible model for global IoT-driven forest preservation in similar transboundary ecosystems.